Home Services Rigid Foam Insulation

Rigid Foam Insulation

XPS and EPS board for basement walls, under slabs and continuous exterior insulation on new builds across Toronto and the GTA. Cut tight, adhered, taped and detailed by CNG crews so the board works as insulation and as a moisture and air layer.

Overview

Continuous insulation, no thermal bridges

Rigid foam is insulation in sheet form: extruded polystyrene (XPS) or expanded polystyrene (EPS), in boards from half an inch to four inches thick. Because it goes on as a continuous layer over the face of a wall, a slab or a foundation, it insulates across the studs and joists as well as between them, and that is the whole point. A framed wall loses a quarter of its rated R-value through the framing; a continuous board on the outside puts it back.

Below grade the same boards do double duty. Foam does not absorb water, does not rot and is not bothered by being buried against a damp foundation, which is why it is the product for foundation walls, under basement slabs and anywhere else a batt would eventually fail.

Two boards

XPS vs EPS

Both are closed-cell polystyrene boards installed the same way. They differ in R-value per inch, compressive strength, water absorption and cost, so the right one depends on where in the building it is going.

XPS · R-4.8 per inch · Below grade and under slab

Extruded polystyrene (XPS)

The dense pink or blue board. High compressive strength, very low water absorption and a long-term R-4.8 per inch that it holds in the cold, which makes it the default below grade: under slabs, on basement walls and anywhere the board will be damp or carrying a load.

  • Under basement slabs
  • Interior basement walls before framing
  • Slab edges and cold rooms
  • Anywhere the board will be damp or loaded
EPS · R-4 per inch · Economical continuous insulation

Expanded polystyrene (EPS)

The white bead board: lighter, cheaper per R and made in thicker sheets, with a rating that does not drift over time because it holds no blowing agent. Type 1 is the sheathing grade; Type 2 and 3 are dense enough for slabs and foundation walls.

  • Continuous exterior insulation under cladding
  • Type 2 and 3: under slabs and against foundation walls
  • Thick boards where a high R is needed at the lowest cost
By the numbers

Rigid foam insulation

R-4.8per inch of XPS as its long-term design value; the R-5 on the box is the initial rating
R-4per inch of Type 2 EPS, the grade used against foundations and under slabs
R-10SB-12 minimum under a heated slab or any slab within 600 mm of grade: 2½ in of Type 2 EPS or just over 2 in of XPS
R-20 cithe basement wall value in most SB-12 packages, or R-12 ci over an R-10 framed wall
R-5 cithe exterior layer SB-12 pairs with R-19 or R-22 batt in a 2×6 wall; a 2×4 wall with R-14 batt needs R-7.5 ci
Applications

Where it’s installed

Interior basement walls before framing
Under basement slabs, heated or unheated
Continuous exterior insulation over wall sheathing
Slab edges within 600 mm of grade
Cold room walls and ceilings
Why builders choose rigid foam

What rigid foam does for the build

  • Effective R-value, not nominal. Continuous board on the outside of the framing is what closes the gap between the R-value on the batt label and the effective R-value the energy package is actually asking for. It is how a 2×6 wall meets the R-19 + 5 ci and R-22 + 5 ci packages in SB-12.
  • Built for below grade. Foam does not wick, rot or lose R-value when it gets damp, and XPS carries the load of a slab without crushing, which is why it is the board under concrete and on foundation walls.
  • Warm slabs and dry basements. Board under the slab and on the foundation wall keeps the concrete on the warm side of the assembly, so the basement is drier, the floor is warmer and the finished space is not fighting condensation.
  • Taped and detailed, it is an air and vapour layer. Seams taped, edges sealed and penetrations foamed, a rigid board layer does the job of the poly on a batt wall. We install it that way and coordinate the transitions with the framer and the waterproofer.
  • Thin where depth is limited. An inch and a half of XPS on the inside of a foundation wall adds about R-7 without giving up floor area to a thick framed wall. An inch of board on the outside of a framed wall does the same above grade.
  • Coordinated with the rest of the envelope. Our crews install the board, the batt, the spray foam and the drywall over it, so the thermal barrier over interior foam, the transitions at the rim joist and the inspection sequence are all one contractor’s problem, and that contractor is us.
Common questions

Rigid Foam FAQ

XPS or EPS — which should I use?

XPS below grade and under slabs, where compressive strength and water resistance matter most. EPS where you want continuous exterior insulation at the lowest cost per R, or a thick board on a foundation wall. We will mark up the drawings and price the assembly each way.

Does rigid foam need a vapour barrier?

Often it is the vapour barrier. Closed-cell board of sufficient thickness with taped seams acts as a vapour retarder and, detailed properly, an air barrier. Where foam is on the exterior of a batt wall, the assembly has to be checked so moisture is not trapped; that is a drawing question we will answer before we quote.

Can foam be left exposed in a basement?

No. The Ontario Building Code requires foam plastic insulation on the interior to be covered with a thermal barrier, normally half-inch drywall. Our crews frame and board over it as part of the same contract, so the inspection sequence is straightforward.

What goes under a basement slab?

Usually 2½ inches of Type 2 EPS or just over 2 inches of XPS to reach the R-10 the code asks for under a heated slab, over compacted granular and under the poly and the slab. More where there is in-floor heating. It is cheap insurance for a warm, dry basement and it cannot be added later.

How is exterior board attached, and what about the cladding?

Cap fasteners or adhesive to the sheathing, seams taped, then strapping or the cladding manufacturer’s fastening schedule through the foam to the framing. Thickness and fastener length are set with the framer and the siding installer before anything goes on the wall.

Where we work

Proudly serving the GTA
& surrounding areas